Reproductive and Child Health among the Tribes of Gidhpuri Village, Chhattisgarh

 

Jitendra Kumar Premi

Sr. Assistant Professor, School of Studies in Anthropology,

Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010 CG India

 

ABSTRACT:

The Concept of reproductive health advocated at the international conference o population and development  (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994 is first of all discriminatory in nature owing to over enthusiasm resulting out of family planning and women’s  development programs, this concept focused mostly on women belonging to the reproductive period. The specific objectives of the study are: to assess the reproductive health and nutritional study of tribal reproductive women of Gidhpuri village of Chhattisgarh, to explore the reproductive behavior and their social-cultural causes, to find at health seeking behavior regarding child health. 50 pregnant and lactating women of different groups residing in Gidhpuri village- Savara, Binjhwar, Gond and other were randomly selected for collecting information about women empowerment and for assessing the reproductive and contraceptive behavior, age at menarche age at marriage etc through structured interview schedule. 50.06% families were nuclear and 43.04% were joint families followed by 78.72% illiterate and 18.28% literate. Mean age at marriage of adolescent Savara girls is found 13.9 ±4.5 years. In Binjhwar it is found 12.7 ±2.84 years and in Gonds 10.2±3.0 years. 10 % women used to go to the government hospital followed by 90 % women they don’t go anywhere; they birth their children at home by traditional midwife. On the above findings it is concluded that reproductive health conditions of tribes of Gidhpuri village is very worse in affirm and inadequate

 

KEYWORDS: Reproductive and Child Health, Tribe, Chhattisgarh

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

The Concept of reproductive health advocated at the international conference o population and development  (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994 is first of all discriminatory in nature owing to over enthusiasm resulting out of family planning and women’s  development programs, this concept focused mostly on women belonging to the reproductive period. Further, it did not relate to all the stages in the life cycle of human beings. Since reproductive involves both man and women it is incomplete to discuss the reproductive health system of women alone ignoring the equal role played in reproduction by their male counter parts. What about the reproductive health issues from child hood to old age? Why is the reproductive health of the total life span neglected? Therefore, most of the existing literature was narrowly conceptualized to meet the interests of women liberation movement and the family planning program. In addition, the existing literature has narrow professional biases does not have a comprehensive interdisciplinary basis. In fact, it is unimaginable to write a comprehensive model on this thyme by any single author with un-professional orientation. Under these considerations the need arose to attempt a holistic perspective on the reproductive health system. Even since independence, a series of national program on health system.

 

Even since independence, a series of national program on health and family welfare have been launched to improve the poor health status of the country’s population, particularly of women and children. The process began with the establishment of primary health centers in 1952 as integral part of country wide community development program. The major efforts so far made in relation to women and child health include.

1-    Maternal and child health program renamed as “Safe Mother hood’’ from the early 1990s and recently changed to “Reproductive and child health’’ (RCH)

2-    Single immunization program for the eradication of small-pox and control of tuberculosis, changed to expanded immunization program (EIP) and lately to Universal immunization program (UIP) to cover all children of age group 0-2 against the six common childhood communicable diseases.

3-    National family planning program launched in 1952 was-renamed as National family welfare program after the Emergency. The FP/FW program was originally designed as community and MCH based.

4-    The I. C. D. S. Project under the control of the social welfare department to meet the educational and health needs of pro-school children, and health of pregnant and lactating mothers.

 

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The Present study aims at assessing reproductive and child issues of women residing in tribal areas. The specific objectives of the study are:

1-    To assess the reproductive health and nutritional study of tribal reproductive women of Gidhpuri village of Chhattisgarh.

2-    To explore the reproductive behavior and their social-cultural causes.

3-    To find at health seeking behavior regarding child health.

 

METHODOLOGY:

The data collection for this study was performed in two stages. In first step the information o demography and socio-economy were collected through canvassing an interview schedule, which contain the information about family such as religion. Caste/Tribe type and size of family, type of house, income and expenditure of family, age, education, marital status and occupation. The information of mortality and morbidity was collected since last one year in family. 50 pregnant and lactating women of different groups residing in Gidhpuri village- Savara, Binjhwar, Gond and other were randomly selected for collecting information about women empowerment and for assessing the reproductive and contraceptive behavior, age at menarche age at marriage etc through structured interview schedule.

 

In second step data collection 7 pregnant and 43 lactating women were randomly selected to assess the different factors influenced the health status of women during pregnancy and lactating period. The information on place of delivery and much other information related to RCH issue was collected from women and their husband also from structured interview schedule. The information on Parental generation was also recorded. Pregnancy history complication during pregnancy, causes of abortion and miscarriage if any were also asked from women.

 

Table no. 1: Socio-Demographic characteristics of the population under study

 

Socio-Demographic characteristics of the population under study

Table no. 1 shows the Socio-demographic characteristics of the population under study. According to this 50.06% families were nuclear and 43.04% were joint families followed by 78.72% illiterate and 18.28% literate.

 

Age at Marriage

The table no. 2 shows that there were 76 % girls having age at marriage between 12-17 years and 16% girls were found to have age at marriage between 18-20 years. Therefore, there was high risk of serious pregnancy related complication for adolescent girls.

 

Mean age at marriage of adolescent Savara girls is found 13.9 ±4.5 years. In Binjhwar it is found 12.7 ±2.84 years and in Gonds 10.2±3.0 years.

 

Relationship between Age at Marriage and number of Pregnancies and living Children

Table no. 4, Shows that relationship between age at marriage, number of pregnancies and number of living children. The result of this table proves the fact that early pregnancy is risky for adolescent girls.

 

According to the table 2% women whose age at marriage was 13 years they had pregnancy wastage. They had only one living children. So the extract of these tables is that adolescent marriage is unsafe for women.

 

Table no. 2: Age at marriage among women under study

S.N.	Age  Marriage	Number of Women				Total
		Savara	Binjhwar	Gond	Other
1	12-14	4 (12.5%)	2 (15.38%)	1 (50%)		7 (14%)
2	15-17	21 (65.62%)	10 (76.92)	1 (50%)	1 (33.33%)	33 (66%)
3	18-20	6 (18.75%)	1 (7.69%)		1 (33.33%)	8 (16%)
4	21-23
5	24-26	1 (3.12%)			1 (33.33)	2 (4%)
6	27-29
7	30-32
Total		32 (100%)	13 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	50 (100%)

 

 

Table no. 3:  Mean age at marriage among women under study

 

Table no. 4: Relationship between age at marriage and number of pregnancies and number of living Children

 

Maternal health care during pregnancy

Maternal health care during pregnancy is very important because where mother will be healthy the child will also be healthy.

 

Antenatal check-up

Antenatal check-up included three stages-first stage of the check –up concerned with proper monitoring of pregnant women. Their weight, blood pressure etc. is checked by health service provider, in second. Health service provider given third stage services, in this they have given 100 IFA (Iron Folic Acid) tablets to pregnant women.

Table no. 5: Antenatal check-up among women under study

S.No.	Health Services	Savara	Binjhwar	Gond	Other	Total
1	Private Hospital %	-	-	-	-	-
2	Who had not go any where	24 (48%)	11 (22%)	2 (4%)	3 (6%)	40 (80%)
3	Government Hospital %	8 (16%)	2 (4%)			10 (20%)
Total		32 (64%)	13 (26%)	2 (4%)	3 (6%)	50 (100%)

In the rural area the facility of private hospitals and government hospital was not available. Table 5 shows utilization of health series of women. According to this table no body used to go in private hospital. Who’s economic condition was much better and very complicated case of pregnancy they used to go government hospital in that case only 10 % women used to go to the government hospital followed by 90 % women they don’t go anywhere, they birth their children at home by traditional midwife.

 

Table no. 6 shows that there were 14% women who had one checkup, 12% women who had attest two checkups because we see 70 % women had not check up any time.36% women had not taken T.T. injection during their pregnancy but only 24 % women had taken three does of during pregnancy and 22% women had taken two does of injection during pregnancy.

 

There were nobody have taken 100 IFA tablets. But 28% women had taken IFA tablets but they haven’t take 100 tablets because in this village there haven’t any government policlinic and the government  servants don’t provided properly and regularly IFA tablets.

 

 

Table no. 6: Utilization of reproductive health services in women under study

S.N		Savara	Binjhwar	Gond	Other
1	ANC check-up	19 (60%)	11 (85%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	35 (70%)
A	Who had ANC one checkup	5 (15.6)	2 (15.387%)	-	-	7 (14%)
B	Who had two checkup	6 (18%)	-	-	-	6 (12%)
C	Who had 3 or more checkup	2 (6.25%)	-	-	-	2 (4%)
d	Who had none	32 (100%)	13 (100%)	2 (10%)	3	50 (100%)
2	T.T. injection during pregnancy	-	-	-	-	-
a	Who had none	7 (21.8%)	8 (61.53)	2 (100%)	-1 (33.33%)	36 (72%)
b	Who had one	7 (21.87)	2 (15.38)	-		9 (18%)
c	Who had two%	9 (28.12%)	-1 (7.69)	-	-1 (33.33%)	11 (22%)
D	Who had three	9 (28.12%)	-2 (15.38)	-	-1 (33.33%)	12 (24%)
	Total	32 (100%)	13 (100%)	2 (100%)	3	50 (100%)
3	IFA (iron Folic acid tablets during pregnancy	-	-	-	-	-
A	Who were taken 100 tablets	-	-	-	-	-
B	Who had none	21 (65.62)	12 (92.30%)	2 (100%)	-1 (33.33)	36 (72%)
C	Who were not taken 100  tablets	11 (34.37%)	-1 (7.69%)	-	-2 (66.66%)	14 (28%)
	Total	32 (100%)	13 (100%)	2 (100%)	3	50 (100%)

 

 

Table no. 7: Delivery Practices Among Women under Study

 

 

Post Natal check-up

In rural women were not aware for PNC (after delivery) due to ignorance only that women were take rest in their home for 6 week and some traditional  energetic they have taken some indicial herbs juices, because for strength of body and enhance lactation.

 

 

According to the table 7 there were 90% women in rural area who delivery conducted in home. 10% women went to hospital for delivery. 6% women called doctor for conducting delivery and case all of women delivery conducted at hospital 86% women conducted delivery by elderly lady at he house or community.

 

 

Table no. 8:  Addictive behavior among the women under study

 

 

 

According to table no. 8, 30% woman adopts addiction of Gudakhu and 26% women adopt addiction of Tobacco and 18% women adopt addiction of Gutkha and 26% women adopt addition of black tea.

 

In this part of study try to accesses that how many taboos for pregnant women and girls during menses period, in Gidhpuri village in their various ethnic group and also that to understand their association with me stator and reproductive health.

 

CONCLUSION:

On the above findings it is concluded that reproductive health conditions of tribes of Gidhpuri village is very worse in affirm and inadequate. It is need to provide adequate RCH services and strengthen their reproductive and child health and overall health status.

 

REFERENCES:

United Nations. 1994. Report of the International Conference on Population and Development (Cairo, 5-13 September 1994). 4.27 -29. A/CONF. 171/13, 18 October 1994.

 

Received on 21.05.2015       Modified on 22.06.2015

Accepted on 28.06.2015      © A&V Publication all right reserved